feat(base,app,learn): invitations to shared spaces by mail and by link

The instance's half of Halkyon's ADR 0044, step 5 (D37 to D40).

An invitation by mail (sharedSpace.inviteByEmail) goes out through the
register (send-space-invitation), naming who invites by their handle
and nothing of what is shared, with a link to /join/<token>. The
instance keeps only the address's keyed hash, as for sign-in, and the
SHA-256 of the token. Whoever opens it joins with a code mailed to that
address (EmailCodePurpose.joinSpace, proven through the register,
prove-address-code), so a forwarded mail admits nobody else; a code
proving another address is refused. It lapses after 14 days, and the
hourly pruning forgets it; inviting the address again replaces it.

A space's own link (setJoinLink, the Owner's) admits whoever opens it
as a Viewer (joinByLink) while it is on; switched off and on, it gets a
new token. Its token is kept as it is, so that whoever may invite copies
the link again (joinLink). The page at /join/<token>, in English and
German, says who invites and as whom; preview tells the app the same.

A membership someone else made is new to its member until they mark it
seen (isNew, addedBy; mine names who shared it), for the Inbox.

halkyon_app learns the two new refusals (handleNeeded, otherAddress),
which Learn reports as not allowed until its screens offer these ways
in. The ADR records D37 to D40 and how the instance's half is built.

The migration, the same in the module and in each server including it
(Learn, Meditate, Todo, Train):

  ALTER TABLE "shared_space" ADD COLUMN "joinToken" text;
  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "shared_space_join_token_idx"
    ON "shared_space" ("joinToken");
  CREATE TABLE "shared_space_email_invitation" (…), with its unique
    indexes on the space and address hash, and on the token's hash,
    and its foreign key to "shared_space" ON DELETE CASCADE;
  ALTER TABLE "shared_space_member" ADD COLUMN "addedBy" uuid;
  ALTER TABLE "shared_space_member"
    ADD COLUMN "isNew" boolean NOT NULL DEFAULT false;

Every space gets no token, and the unique index allows any number of
nulls; every membership gets no one who added it and isn't new, so
nothing already shared shows in an Inbox. The new table starts empty.
None of it rewrites a table, and the server before the switch names its
own columns, so it keeps working.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Tizian 「ティツィアーン」 <raisondetredev@pm.me>

deploy/Caddyfile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Caddy forwards to the API server, and profile pages (ADR 0011), the dictionaries
-# devices download (ADR 0012), SimpleLogin's forwarding page (ADR 0020) and the
-# privacy page (ADR 0021) to the web server (8082), which serves nothing else. Never the calls between the instance's
+# devices download (ADR 0012), SimpleLogin's forwarding page (ADR 0020), the
+# privacy page (ADR 0021) and the pages of links to join (Halkyon's ADR 0044) to the web server (8082), which serves nothing else. Never the calls between the instance's
 # services (`/halkyon-base/…`, ADR 0016): they reach each other on its own network. Insights (8081) doesn't run in production;
 # if it is ever re-enabled, reach it through an SSH tunnel, never through this file.
 #
@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@
 		reverse_proxy server:8082
 	}
 
+	# The pages of links to join a shared studyset (Halkyon's ADR 0044, D39), which
+	# the app opens itself on Android where it may.
+	@join path /join/*
+	handle @join {
+		reverse_proxy server:8082
+	}
+
 	# SimpleLogin's forwarding page (ADR 0020): where SimpleLogin sends a sign-in back,
 	# which sends it on to the app that began it, by the loopback or its scheme.
 	@simplelogin path /simplelogin-callback